Unit 22 - Short Film

Unit 1 - Call Sheet

Unit 1 - Time Management/Materials

Time Management/Materials/Job roles:

Time management:

Time management is an important factor in any production. In film making it's even more important as you need to manage your time effectively whenever you are doing a production. By having good time management you will be able to complete your tasks in the given time and you will increase productivity and efficiency. It also allows you to follow a structure. You can structure what you have to do in specific time periods and this can help you get things done quicker.

An example of a film that had great time management would be fast and furious 6. This film took around 2 years to film as they didn't begin filming it straight after number 5. I believe they intentionally made the viewers wait 2 years so that they could build up anticipation and give the viewers something to look forward to. This grabs the audiences attention straight away as they are constantly thinking about the release of the film and waiting for it to come. Therefore we have to ensure that our production follows the time management because we want to ensure that we meet the expectations of our audience in terms of when they want to see our production.

Materials:

There are a number of different types of materials that can be used. The first type of material would be self made materials. Self made materials are materials which you physically produce by hand. These are materials which you entirely create by yourself and are usually done with a lack of assistance.

The second type of materials would be achieve materials. Achieve materials are when you buy something or you are currently working on something, you finish it to a good standard.

The third type of materials would be library materials, these are materials in which you borrow and they aren't things which you are allowed to keep.

The final type of materials would be props. These are objects that you use during a production. For example in our production.

Unit 22 - Risk assessment form

Cast list

Unit 1 - Location Recce

An example of a film which has also filmed scenes in an estate would be 'Attack the block'. Thee are many scenes which are filmed in around an estate. This is a good location for us to use because we have gang members in our film which makes this location ideal because it is a spot which you will gang members chilling or doing some sort of activity. 

An example of a film with a car park scene would be the Transporter franchise. This franchise has a car park scene at the beginning of each film. It's a great location to use because it gives you a sense of tension due to the fact you aren't expecting anything to happen in such a hidden location. However we will use this location as it will be a good place to shoot another scene in which involves the gang.

We have chosen these locations because they suit the theme of our short film. Our film involves some scenes in which there are some happy scenes and also some not so happy scenes. We picked a car park because it tends to be a quiet area which would be ideal for a scene in which we would do a chase. We chose a park because it's a nice place to read a newspaper which will be ideal for one of our scenes. We also picked a pier by Vauxhall Bridge because it is a location where when it is dark it is quite quiet which is ideal for a shooting. So it will help us with our finishing scene.

Release form

Job Roles

Unit 1 - A1 - Materials

Time management will be crucial when filming and editing a film because time is valuable. It helps to reduce the stress of having to try complete everything last minute. Time management will help to set the teams priorities and to figure out what needs to be done and when by.

List for what is needed to create my own short film

·       Tracksuits

·       Brick phones

·       Fake gun

·       Knives

·       Bags

·       Bikes

·       Big jackets

·       Camera

·       Computer

·       Tripod

·       Phone

Budget list

·       Professional camera eos 7d - £37.80 or sony hxr-mc200e -£48.60

·       Brick phones - £5.00

·       Pouch Bag- £18.00

·       Bikes- £2

·       Big jackets -£24.00

·       Tripod - £55

·       Track suit - £40

·       Computer -£8.49

An archive is a place where historical records or the physical place they are located. Archives contain primary source documents that have collected over the course of an individual or organisation's lifetime and it is kept to show the function of that person or organisation. The primary role of the archive is to capture published content and documents created by the Corporation to create a permanent record of its activities.

The bbc keep Material showing performances or productions of excellence or significance in the performing arts. Examples of work in performance, direction, production, writing and composing with special emphasis on works commissioned or sponsored by the BBC.

 Material featuring places of geographical interest, especially related to changes in the environment and the development of natural history etc. -http://www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/dq/contents/archives.shtml

Unit 1 - A1- Legal Issues and Regulation

There are 3 main institutions in the film industry. These institutions are the following, ASA,BBFC,OFCOM. These are all independent bodies which control the different aspects of media. They control mainly in Tv series,Films,Music. The sections that they divide and grade the media with is listed below.

• U (Universal)
• PG (Parental guidance)
• 12A
• 15
• 18

There are plenty of things that you have to consider when choosing how to grade a film. There are 3 main things that you have to consider. The first thing you have to consider when grading these films is the bad language if any and the amount of bad language that is used. This is one of the main things considered because if young viewers were to watch films with bad language, it may influence them to begin saying the bad language which doesn't go down well with parents and it can lead to bad reviews.

The second main thing you have to consider when grading a film is the sex&nudity that it may contain. This is a huge factor in the final decision. A lot films can have inappropriate scenes that young viewers and young teenagers shouldn't be watching. This can cause a problem. Parents won't be impressed by the content that is being shown if there isn't an age restriction. 

The final thing you must consider when grading a film is the amount of violence it contains if any. Violence in films can lead too many things. If young viewers are watching these violent films, it will give them a huge influence of what they want to be. This can lead to mischief. Parents will not want their children growing up and doing what they have seen in these films. Therefore the amount of violence a film contains is a huge factor.

They don't make these decisions on their own. They tend to go out to the public and get feedback and their opinions and then finally make a decision.

ASA (Advertising Standards Authority):

The ASA has had a big contribution to the film industry. They have banned many adverts due to a number of reasons. This reasons are things such as them not being inappropriate or socially acceptable because they may contain bad behaviour which shouldn't be encouraged. The ASA's main objective is to assess adverts and ban them depending on whether they think the adverts are applicable for children to view.

BBFC ( British Board Of Film Classification): 

The BBFC have a big role to play in the final release of a film. They are the people who focus on the new releases and they grade them on what age a particular film can be viewed at. They tend to go out to the public and find out what they think should be the grade of a film. They use the PEGI website which adults can go on and ask questions about the age rating.

OFCOM ( The Office Of Communications ): 

OFCOM is a mixture a ASA&BBFC. OFCOM they specialize in banning adverts and grading what a film should be viewed at. They also specialize in grading communications and radio. They do this by analyzing if there is any bad language or if there is any content which shouldn't be viewed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

Unit 1 - A1- Funding

Funding

There are many different ways in which you can fund  a film. There are many different sources which can all contribute to the funding of a film. The 5 main sources of funding are listed below. 

• Crowd sourcing

• Personal investment

•  Advertising

• License Fee

• Product placement 

Crowd sourcing: This is a source which is funded by the audience. This means that the audience contribute to the making of the film. Crowd sourcing has no limit on how much the audience wants to contribute towards producing a film. Examples of crowd sourcing would be websites such as Kick starter, Facebook, Twitter. Social websites like facebook&twitter tend to advertise crowd sourcing whereas websites such as kick starter you can directly make a contribution. Advantages of crowd sourcing is that the people that give the contribution get a great deal of personal satisfaction. They will as if they have a big part to play in the production depending on how much they give. A disadvantage of crowd sourcing is that there is poor management. It is difficult to communicate with crowd members as there are many contributions to go through. 

Personal investment:  This is a source in which you fund the film yourself. An investment would mean that you put money on the line for this film in hope that you receive more afterwards. Examples of films that have been produced from personal investments would be Paranormal Activity, Grease, The devil inside. There are many benefits to a personal investment. One of the advantages of a personal investment is that the investor will be the executive producer which means that you can be the star of the show. It also means that you get to call the shots during the film.  One disadvantage of a personal investment is that there is potential chance of losing a lot of money. If the film isn't successful, the investment goes to waste.

Advertising: This is a source in which you use television to fund your film. This is done by asking channels if they would promote their film in between adverts. Examples of advertising would be Film 4, Itv, Itv 2. An advantage for these institutions would be that they receive a tun of money to show these adverts. A disadvantage of advertising would be that it just adds to costs which are already extremely high. 

License Fee: This is a source in which you pay money to certain institutions so that they can produce for you. An example of an institution would be the BBC. They get given money by the audience. They then use this money to produce new channels. An advantage of license fee is that it allows institutions such as BBC to create new channels which keep the audience intrigued and excited. Another advantage of license fee is that revenue is generated. A disadvantage of license fee is that it creates unnecessary competition. Along with competition comes stress. 

Product Placement:  

Pitch Evaluation

Evaluation

In the pitch of our short film I talked about four slides out of the twelve that we produced. The four slides that I done I will list below. These four slides were decided through negotiation with my group members.

• Genre
• Social Groups
• Location
• Marketing and advertisement

Personally I believe that I didn't present it as well as I could off. There are things in my performance in which I think there is room for improvement. Also I believe that there was some information in my performance which wasn’t included.

Firstly I discussed the genre of the short film. I believe that I didn’t explain these genres too well and I didn’t give clear enough reasons to why we picked these certain genres. My group and I decided to do a sub-genre which consisted of violence and thriller. I think that in order for me to improve how I explained this slide I should be able to explain why we’ve chosen these genres and also why we decided to a sub-genre and why we didn’t do just one genre.

Secondly I discussed the social groups of this short film.  I believe that I delivered this slide decently but there is still room for improvement. In this slide I talked about the target audience which we aimed this short film at. I believe I could off explained why we chose these groups. Also in this slide I said that there will be some uses and gratifications included. I said that the short film would offer escapism and personal identification. I believe that I could off explained why we chose escapism and what escapism offers to the audience. I believe that I should off explained why I targeted these certain ethnicity and what other ethnicity this short film could apply too. I believe that I could off given distinction between who our primary audience is and who our secondary audience is.

Thirdly I discussed the locations which we were going to use for this short film. I personally believe that I didn’t perform this slide very well. I believed that I didn’t explain clearly enough why we chose these locations. I believe that in order for me to improve this scene I would need to make it clear to the audience why I picked these locations and what’s special about them or whether they have a background. I believe that if I describe these things I would be able to improve this section of my performance.

The final slide which I presented for my group was the marketing and advertisement for the film. I believe that I did this slide quite well. In this slide I showed the audience examples of the kind of ways we tend to advertise our film. I believe I explained well why social networking sites would be beneficial to our short film. However I believe I could off given more examples off where we would deploy our posters for the film.  Also I believe that I could off talked about why we picked these certain social networks.

Unit 22 - Short film pitch

Unit 1 - Type of Production

Type of Production

The brief states that I must create a short 2-4 film with a specific genre being represented through the film. I individually wanted to a Drama/Action film. I wanted to do a sub-genre as i felt conveying one genre wouldn't be enough. I also would like to convey this genre because i feel as if it gives the audience more than one thing to focus on. If the audience have more then one thing to focus on, they will stay engaged. 

My personal idea was about a man who by day is a successful business man but by night is a city hero. This man saves kids from being attacked in a skate park. I believe this film had an element of action in it and i believed that the drama would naturally occur. The brief stated that this would have to be a Single Camera Production. I believe there are many advantages to single camera productions but there are also quite  a few disadvantages.

 One of the advantages of a single camera production is that the scenes don't have to be shot in order. This would mean that i could spend a specific day just filming the scenes in a location. This would not be possible in a multi camera production as there are too many cameras too handle.

One disadvantage of a single camera production is that the editing process is much longer. Due to there only being one camera, there will be loads of footage on just that camera. It will take a while for editors to produce final pieces. Also with a single camera production we would have to stop and set up again to cover different angles and shot types. This is extremely time consuming. In a multi camera production there will be more then one camera which means they will already have the angles covered with the other cameras.

Unit 22 - A1 - Open Vs Closed Endings

Unit 22 - Assignment 1 - Task 3

Narrative Endings

Open ending: An open ending is a film which has a cliff hanger and questions aren't quite answered and they tend to leave the audience guessing what's going to happen next.

Closed ending: A closed ending is a film which has an ending and every question is answered and the audience understands everything that's happened.

Existing Open endings:

• Fifty Shades Of Grey
• The Hunger Games Catching Fire
• The Dark Knight Rises
• Avatar

Existing Closed endings:

• Southpaw
• Scarface
• Rocky
• The Godfather

Avatar

Advantages to open endings: 

• There are many perks to open ending films. The advantages to the open ending's are limitless. One of the advantages to open endings is that it allows the viewer to create their own ending. Sometimes the viewer isn't too pleased with the director's ending so with open ending's it allows you to make up your own ending with your own imagination which allows you to feel good about yourself. An example of a film that was successful from an open ending would be Avatar. This film everyone believed there would be a sequel but it never happened. People made their own endings and this is why it became successful. 

• Another advantage to open ending films is that it allows you to have discussions with your peers over what you have seen. You can discuss what scenes that you liked and which scenes that you didn't like.You can also have a debate about how you believe the film should of ended so you are able to share your opinions. This is a huge advantage of open ending films because it gives you something to talk about. 

• I believe that the target audience for avatar is from 12+. This is because it is a quite a gruesome film which is more appropriate for people over the age of 12. It isn't for the younger generations' eyes.

The Dark Knight Rises

• The Dark Knight Rises was a film which followed a linear structure throughout the whole film and the audience believed that at the end he died. However the final scene showed Alfred staring at Bruce Wayne who was supposedly dead in a café. The advantage of this is that it keeps the audience guessing and it makes them wonder what's next. 

Scarface

Advantages to closed endings:

• One of the advantages to closed endings is that it gives the audience closure. Sometimes when a film doesn't have an ending and it's left at a cliff-hanger it can play with the viewers mind. However if there is a closed ending you receive closure from the film and this stops you from losing your mind from trying to figure out what could of happened. An example would be Scarface, At the end of the film he gets shot in the back and this gives the audience closure because if he survives the audience will start to wonder what's next for him, 

• Another advantage to closed endings is that the audience don't have to wait for another part to come out. Films that have open endings always leave the viewers wanting to see the rest but sometimes they don't even produce another film which leaves the viewers frustrated.

Southpaw

• Southpaw follows the story of a professional boxer who is unbeaten in 43 professional fights. There is one guy that wants to fight him but that fight doesn't seem like it's going to happen. At a ceremony his wife dies and this guy had something to do with it. The boxer was forced  back into the ring and he lost his first fight. He loses his mind and drives into a tree. He loses custody of his daughter and he also loses his mansion. He has to prove that he can take care of his daughter. He begins to go to a gym where the trainer had a boxer that defeated him but he paid of the judges. This trainers begins to train him and he gets a fight to avenge the death of his wife with the guy that had something to do with the death of his wife. He wins the fight and wins his world title back. The advantage of the close ending here on the audience is that they get closure and they get happy at the outcome in the end.

• I believe that the target audience for this film is 12+. I also believe that the gender that there is so specific gender that this film is aimed at. Due to it's aggressive nature it may not be influential for younger children to view.

Unit 22 - A1 - Technical Features

Unit 22 - Assignment 1 - Task 4

Technical features

There are many shot types in films which we don't tend to notice. As viewers we just watch films but we never consider the types of shots that are taken whilst filming. We just get the luxury of being able to view the final piece of a film production, but we never consider the types of shots that are taken for these films. Also when filming we never acknowledge the types of angles in which films are shot. There are mainly two common angles. As viewers we only see what is in front of us but we don't consider the type of angle in which a particular scene has been shot in. I believe one of the reasons we don't tend to notice shot types is because the editors edits the scenes in such a good way that the shot types are barely noticeable for the audience. Also the audience are so drawn to the film that they don't look at the shot types that are being used. This can come down too how good a film is. If the film is good the audience will be enjoying themselves so much that they will not be aware of the shot types that are occurring in the film.

Extreme Long Shot: An extreme long shot is a shot which is taken from a very far distance. The people in this shot type are difficult to see clearly.  An advantage of this shot is that it establishes the setting and you see more clearly the surroundings in which the person is in. It also tells the audience about the type of environment that the person lives in and what their day to day life looks like. An example of an extreme long shot would be in the film 'The Dark Knight Rises'. In the image below you can see that they have established the scene and the main character even though it is difficult to see him it shows the audience the environment he's surrounded in.

Very Long Shot: A very long shot is quite similar to an extreme long shot. However with this shot type you begin to see the person a bit more clearly. Their whole body is viewable. An advantage to a very long shot is similar to an extreme long shot is but you can see the person more clearly. As you can see in the image below, it begins to focus more on the character and the setting in the imagine begins to get smaller. Difference between an very long shot and an extreme long shot is the character becomes more visible to the audience.

Long shot: A long shot tends to show the whole human figure much closer. With this shot the setting becomes extremely small and we begin to just focus on the human figure more. An advantage of the long shot would be that it can create excitement for the viewer because you get to see the person extremely clearly. You can see the person's face with this shot. The long shot is also used to set a scene in a film. As you can see in the image below the scene is set and you can see the character more  then anything else.

Medium Long Shot: A medium long shot is a shot in which you can only see the human figure from knee's upwards. An advantage of this shot type would be that you get to focus on the upper body more. An example would be in The Dark Knight Rises where he goes to get his batman suit. You can focus on the physique of his upper body.

Medium Shot: A medium shot is a shot which is shown waist upwards. This shot type completely cuts out the lower body. This shot type is commonly used in interviews. The advantage of this shot would be that when watching a film it will direct the viewer to clearly show the subject of a scene. An example would be in The Dark Knight Rises where Batman is just in the middle of the road. This image suggests that he is confident and very relaxed due to his body language.

Close up: A close up is a shot which is only shows the face of a character. The whole body is cut from this shot and you can only see from face upwards. An advantage of this shot would be that it allows the viewer to analyse the facial expressions in more depth and the viewers are able to see the emotions the characters may be experiencing through these emotions. An example of a close up would be an image of the joker with a slightly blurred batman behind him. This image creates quite a sinister atmosphere, This shot is at eye level with the joker which makes the viewer feel slightly intimidated by him.

Crane shot: This is a shot type in which the camera tends to move about freely. This shot type is mostly used to establish the setting. An example of a crane shot would be in Eastenders when someone is leaving the square they film from a birds eye view. An advantage of this shot would be that the viewers gets to see the surroundings.

Camera Angles:

High Angle Shot: This is an angle where the camera is placed above the character/object to minimize it's significance. The advantage of this angle would be that it allows the viewer to look down at the object/character. This engages the viewer and it also makes them feel like they are part of the film. High Angle's are used commonly when parents look down at their children in films.

Low Angle Shot: This shot is the complete opposite to the high angle shot. This angle is shot from below the person. This angle tends to show the upper body of the character. It also tends to show the power and authority of the character. An example of of this angle would of be in the Dark Knight Rises as the director uses low angle shots on the joker to show off his power. It can effect the audience because it makes them feel like slightly intimidated by him.

Camera Movements:

Dolly Shot:  This is a movement when the camera is placed on a dolly track. This helps to follow a scene. This camera movement would be used often in a chase so it can keep following the action. An advantage of this shot would be that it allows the audience to follow the action and keep them engaged. This is effective because it allows the film to also have a flow to it and it will help the film run smoothly.

Tracking Shot: This is a movement which is similar ti a dolly shot. It tends to follow the action that is taking place in the scene. The advantage of this would be that it helps the viewers keep up to speed with the action. This allows the director a lot of freedom. Due to a tracking shot they won't have to keep setting up again, the tracking shot allows the film to flow and it saves time.

Sound techniques:

In films we don't tend to notice how much affect sound has on films. Without sound a scene can seem very boring. However with sound it can the scene seem more dramatic and it can also build tension.
Sound can help to create a mood within a particular scene. There tends to be two sounds that are used in films. These sounds are diegetic and non-diegetic. A diegetic sound is a sound which the audience and the character can hear whereas non-diegetic sounds, only the audience can hear. An example of a diegetic sound would be a glass smashing and an example of of a non-diegetic sound would be music in the background which the character won't be able to hear.

Voice over: This is a common sound that is used in films. This is used to narrate to the audience. This has a huge advantage because it helps the audience understand the situation that the character is in right now. It also helps them understand the characters background. The voice over allows the audience to understand the story more clearly and why the character is there in the present day.

Sound bridge:  A sound bridge is commonly used in films when they attempt to bridge with two scenes. This means that they will use music to connect two scenes which have a similar mood. For example if there is happy music in the background they will show happy images. This will help the audience understand the connection in the scene.

Foley sounds: These sounds are usually used to add a sense of realism to a scene. These sounds are usually done during the editing process by a foley artist. An example of this would be if there was a gun fight. Without the sound of the gunshot the scene seems boring. The advantage of this is that it intrigues the audience.

Direct address: This is when a character is talking to an audience directly. This can be known as a monologue. This sound is usually used so that there is interaction with the audience. It allows the character to express itself and it allows the audience to think that they are part of the film through this interaction.

Editing Techniques:

As viewers when we watch films we only see what is in front of us. We never wonder how many mistakes may have been made during filming. There is so much editing that happens during post to ensure that the film is good enough to release and show to the world. There are loads of examples of editing techniques.

180° degree rule: This is where there is a guideline between the relationship of 2 characters in a scene. The advantage of this technique would be that the audience stays focused.

Reverse shot: This is when one character is shown looking at other characters. These characters are shown back to the audience as looking at the first character. This tends to make the audience believe they are facing each other. An advantage of a reverse shot is that it intrigues the audience.

Weekly Production Log 1

This week we have been finalising our storylines and finishing off our storyboards for our film. Unfortunately we haven't been able to film any of scenes which we have written down on the storyboard. This is because we were given a faulty camera which didn't work unless the charger was plugged in. This did us no favours we were not able to get access to the charger. Also we couldn't film during this week because each group member was busy on the day in which another group member was free. Unfortunately during the week no group members were available on any dates therefore we were not able to get any filming done.

However in this week we managed to write our script and get half of it done. This helped us understand which scenes we could film during the week.

Unit 22 - A1 - Narrative Structures (Linear/Non-Linear)

Unit 22 - Assignment 1 – Task 2

Narrative structures

A man called Tzvetan Todorov created a theory which had stages to it. What he believed was these stages showed that most films followed the same pattern or path. He called the theory ‘uses and gratifications‘. Here are the 5 stages to his theory.

•       Equilibrium: Setting is established, key characters are introduced and the storyline is set up.

•       Disruption: Oppositional characters appear and the story takes a particular direction.

•     Recognition: The lives of the characters and events are interweaves. Tension tends to build         through this long section.

•     Repair: The highest point of tension, the climax of the film.

•     New Equilibrium: Matters are sorted out, problems solved and questions answered.

An existing film that shows each 5 stages of Todorov’s theory is ‘ Shrek 2 ‘. Below I will illustrate how each stage is used.

Equilibrium: The equilibrium is conveyed in the opening scenes of this film. Shrek in the previous film has fallen in love with Princess Fiona and they are on their honeymoon. They’re both extremely happy, the disruption soon comes when Fiona’s parents invite Shrek and Fiona to their kingdom in far far away.

 

Disruption: The disruption during the film is conveyed when they are invited but Shrek doesn’t

want to go her parents because he is happy with the life that he’s got. He decides to go and he isn’t impressed by Fiona’s father who instantly dislikes him. An example of the disruption would be when they first meet. Below you can see the dislike on her father’s face, this denotes that there is a change of direction is the story.

Recognition: The recognition in this film is conveyed in many scenes. Tension continues to build up between Shrek and Fiona's father. An example of a scene in which recognition is shown in when they are having dinner. This scenes shows Fiona's father not being impressed with Shrek's table manners. The imagine below shows the tension judging by his facial expression he is not happy.

Repair: The repair in thus film is shown various times. Shrek is locked in a room by the fairy godmother and Prince Charming pounces at a vulnerable Princess Fiona. This is the highest point of climax because Fiona is lied too and Shrek loses her. The imagine below shows Shrek's trying to gain Fiona's attention but it isn't working. His facial expression shows that he's in disbelief and its hurting.

New Equilibrium: The new equilibrium in fairlytales are always happy endings. In this film Shrek manages to stop Fiona from kissing Prince Charming and he wins her back. The image below shows them getting back together and sharing a passionate moment. The new equilibrium is established, everything is sorted and now they embark on a new adventure.

Linear Structure

• Linear: Linear is when a film follows a story from beginning to middle to the end in chronological order, it has no flashbacks. 

• Non-Linear: Non-Linear doesn't have a specific order. The story isn't straightforward there can twists and there also tend to be flashbacks. 

Examples of Linear:

• Big Momma's House
• Cinderella
• White Chicks
• Karate Kid

Examples of Non-Linear:

• Scot Pilgrim Vs The World
• Slumdog Millionaire
• Titanic
• 21 Jump Street
• Fast and furious 7

Linear

An example of a linear film would be the film 'Karate Kid'. This film follows the whole linear theory. There are no flashbacks and everything in the story is in chronological order, there are no twists, the film just occurs in perfect co-ordination. 

This film follows the story of a boy who lived in USA but has just recently moved to China.He struggles to settle in to his new country, He finds it difficult to make any friends at school and there is a group of boys who feel the need to constantly bully him. He struggles to cope and ends up blaming his mum for moving to China. However during one attack by the boys the maintenance man comes to his rescue by producing karate. The boy is so intrigued by this that he wants to take up karate but the maintenance man refuses to teach him. The link below shows this scene. There is where the beginning of the film is as learns about the art of karate. 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zETEdwV4ko


Towards the middle of the film the boy is threatened more and he begins to hide. The group of boys attend a karate training session. The maintenance man goes with the boy and he make an agreement with the trainer that his boys will leave him if he agrees to participate in this karate tournament. The maintenance man tells the boy he will train him. And the training begins. This is where the story takes a change in direction. Although it takes a change it direction it is still understandable and predictable, it's as if the audience expected it. 

Every film has it's ending, The ending in linear films tend to be understandable. The audience should be able to predict what's going to happen. In this film the boy wins the karate tournament. Linear films always have a chronological order. This film shows this because everything made sense. In the link below you can see the final scene.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=939kXCYK98U

I believe that this films target audience was for children and adults. I also believe that the ethnicity for this film is every ethnicity because it is a film about bullying and martial arts which can apply to anyone. I also believe that there is no specific gender for this film and that everyone can watch it.  I believe the linear structure was beneficial because it made sense for audience. This helped the audience because they were able to understand the story more whereas with non-linear it can leave the viewers confused.


Non-Linear

An example of a non-linear film would be 'Fast and Furious 7'. This story follows an on going franchise which has been going on for about 15 years, This film follows the main character and his crew who attempt to take down a villain that killed one of their friends in Tokyo. The story leaves the viewers quite puzzled. There tends to be quite a few flashbacks.

The Franchise had left viewers extremely puzzled when one of the crew members died in film number 3 but he still starred in film 4,5,6. In 7 they bring back a scene from number 3 which is a flashback. This already confuses the viewers because the story doesn't make sense. You can see below in the link this scene.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zml7qQpL8Yo


After this the film progresses and everything seems to make sense. The whole story was coming together and it began to make sense. However just as things began to make sense there is another flashback which teaches the audience something. This is where non-linear narrative comes into use because the story isn't in order and there has been a change. At this stage the audience find out that one of the main couples and married. After that the flashback begins. After that flashback the film comes to an end.

In terms of appeal to audience I believe that non-linear can be beneficial for the audience because there are some questions left unanswered from previous films and with these flashbacks it allows the audience to fill in these blanks that they've been thinking about for years. I think that the ethnicity for this film is every ethnicity because the film doesn't have any racial message to it so it's for everyone to view. I also believe that there is no specific gender for this film.. Anyone from the age of 12+ should be able to view it.